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Sources: American Cancer Society, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and National Cancer Institute
Sources: American Cancer Society, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and National Cancer Institute
Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is a disease that forms in the endometrium, which is the tissue lining the uterus. Type 1 endometrial carcinomas are associated with obesity and excess estrogen; they tend to present at an early stage and have a better prognosis. Type 2 endometrial carcinomas are not due to estrogen stimulation and are more likely to be higher grade with a poorer prognosis.
Uterine cancers that start in the muscle layer or connective tissue belong to another group of cancers called sarcomas. Cervical (uterine cervix) cancer begins in the cervix and can spread to the uterus, but is distinct from uterine cancer that starts in the uterus itself.
The following symptoms could be indications of uterine cancer, but may be related to other health conditions. A physician should be consulted immediately for further evaluation.
To help prevent uterine cancer, women should maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly. Intrauterine devices that deliver progestin, progestin-only oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and breast feeding also reduce risk.
Pap tests are not used to screen for uterine cancer; however uterine cancer occasionally can be detected through Pap tests by finding abnormal glandular cells. Diagnosis of endometrial cancer is typically made by an endometrial biopsy done in a doctor’s office. Occasionally dilation and curettage (D&C) – the removal of tissue samples from the uterus – is required. Rarely a sonogram or CT scan may be included in the evaluation as well.
Treatments used to fight uterine cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Women diagnosed with uterine cancer should consult with a medical or gynecologic oncologist to discuss best treatment options.
